{"id":41511,"date":"2021-07-29T08:15:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-29T08:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.avizo.ca\/?p=41511"},"modified":"2026-09-29T13:09:18","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T13:09:18","slug":"wetlands-ecosystems-worth-protecting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.avizo.ca\/en\/2021\/07\/29\/wetlands-ecosystems-worth-protecting\/","title":{"rendered":"Wetlands: Ecosystems Worth Protecting"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Wetlands<\/strong> are estimated to cover nearly 10% of Quebec&#8217;s territory. These ecosystems, the best-known examples of which are <strong>marshes<\/strong>, <strong>swamps<\/strong> and <strong>peatlands<\/strong>, are teeming with life. And yet, over several generations, they were drained to make way for cities and monoculture fields. They had, and all too often still have, a reputation for hindering development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this article, we offer a definition of wetlands, a description of their various ecological functions and an overview of the different types of wetlands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is a wetland?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avizo.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Milieu-humide-Avizo-Experts-Conseils.jpg\" alt=\"A pond in the lower part of the image gives way to vegetation in the upper part\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Wetlands<\/strong> are ecosystems with high biodiversity, mainly because they are partly terrestrial and partly aquatic. They therefore offer a wide variety of environmental conditions and various sources of nutrients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Water may be trapped in a wetland or flood it occasionally. It may be stagnant or flowing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wetlands may be man-made or natural. In all cases, they contain vegetation adapted to the presence of water, as well as hydromorphic soils.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In its guide <a href=\"https:\/\/www.environnement.gouv.qc.ca\/eau\/rives\/guide-identif-dellimit-milieux-humides.pdf\"><em>Identification et d\u00e9limitation des milieux humides du Qu\u00e9bec m\u00e9ridional<\/em><\/a>, Quebec&#8217;s Minist\u00e8re de l&#8217;Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs (MELCCFP) defines wetlands as all sites that are saturated with water or flooded for a period long enough to influence the soil or vegetation components, where these are present.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are wetlands for?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wetlands support a multitude of biological processes that help ecosystems function properly. These are the <strong>ecological functions<\/strong> of wetlands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The main ecological functions of wetlands<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among the ecological functions listed in the Government of Quebec&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca\/fr\/showdoc\/cs\/c-6.2\"><em>Act to affirm the collective nature of water resources and to promote better governance of water and associated environments<\/em><\/a>, those that apply most specifically to wetlands are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pollutant filtration<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sediment retention<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Erosion protection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Groundwater recharge<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reduced risk of flooding and drought<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Carbon sequestration<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mitigation of the impacts of climate change<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Habitat for feeding, shelter and reproduction of various species<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Landscape quality<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Types of wetlands found in Quebec<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.claudeusercontent.com\/?domain=claude.ai&amp;parentOrigin=https%3A%2F%2Fclaude.ai&amp;errorReportingMode=parent&amp;formattedSpreadsheets=true&amp;contentType=text%2Fhtml#pond\">Pond<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.claudeusercontent.com\/?domain=claude.ai&amp;parentOrigin=https%3A%2F%2Fclaude.ai&amp;errorReportingMode=parent&amp;formattedSpreadsheets=true&amp;contentType=text%2Fhtml#marsh\">Marsh<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.claudeusercontent.com\/?domain=claude.ai&amp;parentOrigin=https%3A%2F%2Fclaude.ai&amp;errorReportingMode=parent&amp;formattedSpreadsheets=true&amp;contentType=text%2Fhtml#swamp\">Swamp<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.claudeusercontent.com\/?domain=claude.ai&amp;parentOrigin=https%3A%2F%2Fclaude.ai&amp;errorReportingMode=parent&amp;formattedSpreadsheets=true&amp;contentType=text%2Fhtml#peatland\">Peatland<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pond<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avizo.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Etang-Avizo-Experts-Conseils.jpg\" alt=\"A pond completely covered with aquatic plants\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ponds are natural or artificial bodies of water. They are shallower than lakes, with a depth of less than 2 m when their water level is at its lowest (low-water level). They can nonetheless cover a large area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ponds are often found in areas with gentle slopes. The dominant plants are floating or submerged aquatic plants, with no more than 25% emergent plants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.claudeusercontent.com\/?domain=claude.ai&amp;parentOrigin=https%3A%2F%2Fclaude.ai&amp;errorReportingMode=parent&amp;formattedSpreadsheets=true&amp;contentType=text%2Fhtml#list\">\u261d\ufe0f Back to the list<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Marsh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avizo.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Marais-Avizo-Experts-Conseils.jpg\" alt=\"A marsh almost entirely covered with cattails, with a few dead trees\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Marshes are dominated by herbaceous vegetation and may have mineral or organic soil. Trees and shrubs, if present, cover less than 25% of the marsh area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Marshes are often associated with river, riparian and lake areas. Their water level therefore varies considerably with tides, flooding and evapotranspiration. Marshes may be permanently or temporarily flooded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.claudeusercontent.com\/?domain=claude.ai&amp;parentOrigin=https%3A%2F%2Fclaude.ai&amp;errorReportingMode=parent&amp;formattedSpreadsheets=true&amp;contentType=text%2Fhtml#list\">\u261d\ufe0f Back to the list<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Swamp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avizo.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Marecage-Avizo-Experts-Conseils.jpg\" alt=\"A swamp with a good number of trees and shrubs\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unlike marshes, swamps have trees or shrubs over at least 25% of their area. Their soil is generally mineral and poorly drained.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.environnement.gouv.qc.ca\/eau\/rives\/guide-identif-dellimit-milieux-humides.pdf\">MELCCFP guide<\/a> identifies two types of swamps. The <strong>riparian swamp<\/strong> is subject to seasonal flooding or has a high water table with water circulation enriched in dissolved minerals. The <strong>isolated swamp<\/strong> is fed by runoff or groundwater resurgence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.claudeusercontent.com\/?domain=claude.ai&amp;parentOrigin=https%3A%2F%2Fclaude.ai&amp;errorReportingMode=parent&amp;formattedSpreadsheets=true&amp;contentType=text%2Fhtml#list\">\u261d\ufe0f Back to the list<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Peatland<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.avizo.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Tourbiere-Avizo-Experts-Conseils.jpg\" alt=\"Sphagnum mosses cover almost all of this peatland\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.avizo.ca\/en\/?p=41472\">Peatlands<\/a> are mainly characterized by their vegetation, which consists of either sphagnum mosses or herbaceous plants. In peatlands, the rate of organic matter production is always higher than its rate of decomposition, which leads to an accumulation of peat. This peat forms an organic soil that can be very deep.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Peatlands are constantly flooded or waterlogged, because the water table is at or slightly below ground level and drainage is poor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.environnement.gouv.qc.ca\/eau\/rives\/guide-identif-dellimit-milieux-humides.pdf\">the MELCCFP guide<\/a>, there are two main types of peatlands: <strong>ombrotrophic (bog)<\/strong> and <strong>minerotrophic (fen)<\/strong>. They are distinguished by their water source and dominant vegetation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Also according to the MELCCFP guide, a peatland may be <strong>forested<\/strong> or <strong>non-forested<\/strong> (open). In a forested peatland, trees taller than 4 m cover more than 25% of the area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.avizo.ca\/en\/?p=41472\">peatlands<\/a> are known for their rich biodiversity and their effectiveness at storing large quantities of carbon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.claudeusercontent.com\/?domain=claude.ai&amp;parentOrigin=https%3A%2F%2Fclaude.ai&amp;errorReportingMode=parent&amp;formattedSpreadsheets=true&amp;contentType=text%2Fhtml#list\">\u261d\ufe0f Back to the list<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Working in wetlands<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Given the importance of the ecological services provided by wetlands, several laws and regulations protect them. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.avizo.ca\/en\/services\/natural-environments-and-watercourses\/ecological-studies\/\">Before starting work<\/a> in or near what appears to be a wetland, check with:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Your municipality<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Your regional county municipality (RCM)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Quebec&#8217;s Minist\u00e8re de l&#8217;Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Quebec&#8217;s Minist\u00e8re des Ressources naturelles et des For\u00eats<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fisheries and Oceans Canada<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Or contact the friendly professionals at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.avizo.ca\/en\/contact-us\/\">Avizo Experts-Conseils<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.environnement.gouv.qc.ca\/eau\/rives\/guide-identif-dellimit-milieux-humides.pdf\">Identification et d\u00e9limitation des milieux humides du Qu\u00e9bec m\u00e9ridional<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.environnement.gouv.qc.ca\/eau\/rives\/milieuxhumides.htm\">Minist\u00e8re de l&#8217;Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wetlands are estimated to cover nearly 10% of Quebec&#8217;s territory. These ecosystems, the best-known examples of which are marshes, swamps and peatlands, are teeming with life. And yet, over several generations, they were drained to make way for cities and monoculture fields. They had, and all too often still have, a reputation for hindering development. [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-secondary understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.avizo.ca\/en\/2021\/07\/29\/wetlands-ecosystems-worth-protecting\/\">Read More&#8230;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> from Wetlands: Ecosystems Worth Protecting<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":27766,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[440,442],"tags":[],"authors":[490],"class_list":["post-41511","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-natural-environments-and-watercourses","category-soils-rehabilitation-and-development","authors-lequipe-davizo-experts-conseils"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Wetlands: Ecosystems Worth Protecting - Avizo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Wetlands cover nearly 10% of Quebec and provide important ecological services. 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